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Binary transition metals can facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through the synergistic integration of different electrochemical properties. To determine binary transition metals that are highly active, Greely et al. conducted a simulation of 256 different binary transition metals. They demonstrated that BiPt, PtRu, AsPt, SbPt, BiRh, RhRe, PtRe, AsRu, IrRu, RhRu, IrRe, and PtRh could be used as efficient electrocatalysts for HER. However, only few of them are synthesized and used as electrocatalysts. In this work, we report the synthesis of the raspberry-like antimony-platinum (SbPt) nanoparticles (NPs) via a colloidal nanocrystal synthesis. These NPs exhibited efficient activity with a low overpotential of 27 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 in acidic media. We conducted long-term durability test for 90,000 s under an applied voltage of 0.5 V (vs. RHE) and cycling tests of over 10,000 cycles under an applied voltage of 0.1 to -0.5 V (vs. RHE). The high activity exhibited by the raspberry-like SbPt NPs may be due to the following reasons: (1) the raspberry-like SbPt NPs exhibited versatile active exposed (110), (100), (101), and (012) facets as efficient HER catalysts, and (2) as confirmed by both the density functional theory (DFT) simulation and experimental results, the presence of Sb 3d subsurface broadened the Pt surface d-band, which caused synergistic effects on water splitting. In summary, synthesis of the new colloidal raspberry-like SbPt NPs is essential to elucidate the fundamental properties of the nanomaterial and nanostructure design. This study could facilitate the development of Pt-group materials that can be used as HER catalysts.
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Correction for 'Colloidal synthesis of porous red phosphorus nanoparticles as a metal-free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction' by Cheng-Ying Chan et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 2937-2940, DOI: .
RESUMO
Porous red phosphorus nanoparticles, P-RPNPs, were synthesized via a new colloidal approach and used as metal-free electrocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). P-RPNPs were highly efficient in acidic media, required an overpotential of only 218 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2, and exhibited superior long-term durability.
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Recently, great efforts have been focused on developing more active and stable Pd-based electrocatalysts to partially or completely replace rare and costly Pt. We developed a facile hot injection method and successfully synthesized well-dispersed and shape-controlled GaPd2 nanomaterials including polyhedrons, nanoparticles and nanowires. All the as-synthesized catalysts exhibit superior HER activity compared to commercial pure Pd catalysts and are stable in acidic media. Among them, the GaPd2 nanoparticles required only 24.3 mV overpotential to achieve a 10 mA cm-2 current density, which is outstanding compared to most Pt-based nanomaterials. Also, cycling tests over 10 000 CV sweep cycles (-0.3 to 0.2 vs. RHE) and durability testing for 24 hours were applied, with the GaPd2 catalysts exhibiting similar i-V curves and stable current densities to those obtained in the initial tests. We further evaluated the mass activities of the GaPd2 catalysts, and it is fascinating that the GaPd2 polyhedrons, nanoparticles and nanowires achieved factors of 3.7, 5 and 2.3 enhancement in mass activity at -0.1 V vs. RHE compared with a commercial Pd black catalyst. Meanwhile, with the assistance of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) support, the GaPd2 nanoparticles/rGO (20 wt%) electrocatalyst presents outstanding HER activity comparable with that of a carbon-supported Pt catalyst (20% Pt/C). This work provides an avenue to develop effective and stable Pd-based catalysts with reduced Pd usage and high HER performance.
